音樂種子

Mihumisang 霧鹿布農族八部合音布音團

　　布農族自稱『Bunun』，意思是『全人類』的總稱。布農族居住在中央山脈兩側，海拔一千公尺以上的山區，是典型的高山民族。目前人口總數有38,063人，分佈範圍擴展遍佈於南投、高雄、花蓮、台東等縣境內。

　　1953年布農族的音樂曾經由日本人黑澤隆朝在聯合國國際文教組織，國際民族音樂學會上披露而大放異彩，自此深受民族音樂學界之重視，其中「祈禱小米豐收歌」是以多聲部和音唱法，從低音漸高，一直唱到最高音域的和諧音，以美妙的和聲娛悅天神，同時也依此判斷當年小米之收成。

　　布農族人相信，歌聲越和諧、好聽，天神越高興，代表今年就能夠收成結實纍纍的小米，而這種合唱方式就是布農族人聞名國際的『八部合音』。歌聲一開始，其實只有四部合音，但是當音域高達某一層次時，就出現了八個不同的音階，因此被稱為八部合音，這是世界上獨一無二的合音方式。

　　而每年十一至十二月之間，是布農族人舉行小米播種祭的時節，為了祈求小米能夠豐收，部落中的男人會圍成一圈，以虔敬的心情一起合唱『祈禱小米豐收歌』（Pasibutbut）。

　　布農族『霧鹿部落』，位於南橫東起的台東縣海端鄉，是目前傳承『八部合音』教學與文化使命最具體的一個高山的布農族原鄉部落，村民平時以務農維生，由於位在深山與交通不便，居民生活簡單樸實，民族性熱情樂觀，每人都有著天賦的吟歌與舞蹈才華，宛如天籟的歌聲，吟唱著祖先流傳下來的的千古歌謠。

　　布農族『八部合音』，如今已成為國際間對台灣文化認識的重要資產，也是亞洲傳統文化的最經典之作。

　　台灣，更因為擁有布農族『八部合音』寶貴的歌聲珍藏，值得驕傲。

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_About the Bunun Tribe

With a population of over 200 million people, the Austronesians are second in number only to the Indo-Europeans. The Austronesian language family is characterized by the fact that it is the only language group that is spoken primarily on islands. These islands are located mostly in Southeast Asia , with Taiwan the farthest northern place where the Austronesian languages are spoken. Through their research, archaeologists and anthropologists have deduced that the Austronesians planned their migration from Taiwan , which is largely thought to be the origin of Austronesian culture.

Currently, Taiwan 's government recognizes 12 groups of indigenous people on the island. Each of these tribes has its own unique culture, customs, and village structure. There is a rare and abundant mixture of ethnic groups in Taiwan , but with the impact of modernization and the strong influence of a primarily Han Chinese culture, the language and culture of the island's indigenous peoples is disappearing at an increasing rate.

Taiwan 's indigenous people became known to the world through the unique eight-part harmonic singing of the Bunun Tribe. This unique music form caught the attention of Western ethnomusicologists when Japanese scholar Kurosawa Takatomo presented recordings of Bunun music in Paris , in 1943. Then in 1952, Kurosawa permanently changed musicologists' ideas about the origins of music when he introduced a traditional Bunun song called “Pasibutbut” (“Prayer for the Millet Harvest”) to the United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization (UNESCO). With its complex harmony, “Pasibutbut” overturned the scholars' original theory that music originated in single-note melodies, progressing to two-note harmonies, and then on to more complex arrangements.

The Bunun people live along Taiwan 's Central Mountain Range at altitudes higher than any other indigenous group on the island. Their culture is closely tied to their experiences in the mountains, and they were the last tribe of native people in Taiwan to give up hunting as an integral part of daily life. “Pasibutbut,” which has been called the “sound of nature,” is said to have been created by a member of the Bunun Tribe who was inspired by the sounds of humming bees, a rushing waterfall, or the sounds made when crossing through a pine or bamboo forest. In the legend which accompanies the song, a pair of lovers is separated by a mountain, with one living on the eastern face, and the other on the western face. In order to meet one another, they would have to cross a wooden plank spanning a deep valley. One day when crossing the plank to meet her lover, the girl slipped, and when the boy reached out to help her, the two fell together into the valley stream far below. It is said that even to this day, whenever the Bunun people cross the stream, they can still hear the sound of someone singing. It is because of this legend that the Bunun people say that their harmonies are learned from the moving waters of the mountain streams. Jin-niang Hu, who is a teacher in the Bunun village of Wulu , said: “Our singing voices are like streams—they make different sounds, high and low, when passing over rocks. Sometimes they separate; sometimes they come together.”

Singing in harmony is an integral part of daily life for the Bunun people—they use harmonies to express themselves while hunting, weaving, celebrating, and drinking. Hunting, in particular, is often accompanied with song, and many of the songs deal with this topic. This comes as no surprise though, when you consider that traversing the mountains and valleys in pursuit of wild animals is a vital part of Bunun life.

The traditions and cultures of Taiwan 's indigenous peoples are gradually disappearing due to the increasing influence of the Han Chinese culture and the affects of modernization. Rice has already largely replaced millet as the main staple food of the aborigines, and hunting practices have largely been curbed by local laws and statutes. Traditional Bunun methods of harmonizing have also slowly disappeared due to the influence of Western singing styles and ways of harmonizing, and the focus on the bel canto style of singing in which beauty of tone is emphasized over power of voice. Today, Wulu Elementary School 's Jin-niang Hu is the only teacher who is still dedicated to teaching children to sing the traditional harmonies of the Bunun people.

or the Bunun Tribe, music is part of life, culture and rituals; it is their way of passing along and recording the culture and history of their people. The Bunun village of Wulu is located on the southeastern part of the Central Mountain Range at an altitude of over seven hundred meters above sea level. There are only 60 households in the village and a population of just over 300 people. Wulu is not easily reached due to its location, which means that it has been less influenced by the outside world. This also means that traditional Bunun culture has been carefully preserved there. Currently, Wulu is the most unadulterated of all the Bunun villages, and the home to the most traditional styles of Bunun singing.

大衛達伶與布農歌聲英國音樂之戀
總監熊儒賢於剛回台灣的夜晚

　　這是一次台灣原住民精緻文化演出的重要啟發與紀錄，尤其當David與五重奏加入之後，世界音樂的觸角...從台灣開始延伸～延伸，部落的歌聲如朝陽落到洶湧的大西洋；在波濤潾潾的海面上，滿佈了我們的歌聲，音樂如海浪般地，載著我們的歌聲，在海的平面上～飛....David大提琴的弦，換化成歌聲的翅膀，聲音飛起來了。英格蘭島上的觀眾們，看得如癡如醉，聽我們吟著海面飛著山谷聲音，就這樣...大西洋彼端的人飲著我們用歌聲釀的醇酒，飛在弦律之中。而我們坐的巴士，也載著長了翅膀的歌聲，唱著太平洋這端土地的弦律，完成了這六場美麗的巡迴演出。

　　從遠遠台灣東部而來的部落老人們，行程難免有小小的病痛，我們不停的補充用罄的藥品，長者們領?時，還逗趣地對我們說：「啊！忘了?健保IC卡。」每天換一個住宿飯店的緊張，對我們的體力來說，真是比較大的考驗。當然...每個飯店從鑰匙插孔的用法，電梯的按法(為什麼有的是1樓?有的是G樓?)，電視怎麼開，幾樓吃飯，總電源在哪裡，冷氣怎麼調，浴室的冷熱水怎麼辨別，明天幾點集合，都要我們一一地重複說明與檢查，當然，還是會有人被鎖在門外面，或是護照與皮夾遭竊了....然後，除了我們之外，英國的警察也來了，報了案，我們立即找了台灣的重要人士，幫我們先打點台灣的英國代表處，立即補發了相關證件，意思就是；我們一邊飛著吟唱歌謠，一邊會遇到現實的大雷雨被打到地上，然後摔一跤。唉喲！...一下。不過，一切都無大礙，辦巡迴音樂會的經驗，讓我們很容易飛翔與降落，再起飛.....

　　David 是一個讚得不得了的音樂人，自始至終，我沒有聽他說一個"不"字，只要我們對音樂或演出，有任何的想法，它都願意嘗試與配合，最終的"安可"部分，他也將最延長的禮讚與掌聲，留給我們美麗的部落，以純粹的合聲，得到觀眾的歡呼與尊敬，我們見識到一個偉大音樂家，在現場即興的演唱與演奏，比CD錄音更壯闊的音樂演奏，更體會到他不凡的敬業與素養，他的音樂，讓人飛，讓人舞，讓人醉，讓人美，而他的心，卻讓每個人分享，分享到人性中最誠懇無私的純真。而私底下的他，是個如個孩子般的愛說笑話，愛玩模仿，愛自嘲十分調皮的人。巴士上，笑得最大聲的，就是他!!!

　　我們亦可敬可愛的五重奏音樂家，這組五重奏，有3男2女，其中一對是情侶，十分貼心與專業，她們對於部落的在音樂上的演出，都一致的說了國語"好!好!! 好!!!"(這是David每天的口頭，我們之間的互動，除了演出，連在巴士上一起唱歌也不放過，如同我們常在國外巡迴的恩愛經驗一樣，音樂人帶了樂器，坐上巴士的最後一排座位，他們用飛快的弦律起音，我們用歡唱的歌聲迎接，頓時間，巴士成為大型Live House， David開心的打電話回美國，告訴我們，他女兒今天過生日，要我們在電話中唱母語歌給她聽，五重奏跟著我們演奏卑南族的跳舞歌，此時，部落歌聲的震動大概會讓巴士司機覺得，這輩子今天開車最值得!!!我們在車上帶大家跳山地舞，這些外國人....都瘋了!!!

　　每場的演出，都有一部分觀眾會留下來，因為他們的熱情及David的鼓勵，我們會走到演出廳院的Lobby與觀眾再做一次打招呼及會面，他們的興奮與尊敬，讓部落的團員也分享了那一份驕傲，當然，對於台灣，對於台灣原住民文化，我們相信，這是一個讓國際間更為了解與認識的機會，最後一場在伊麗莎白女王音樂廳的演出，台灣的駐英代表及夫人等官員們，看得讚不絕口，主動留下來寒喧拍照，並希冀索取更多更豐富的資料，或者就直接訪問部落的團員相關的問題。我們遇見一個新竹來的高中女孩，是交換學生，演出中，她邊聽邊哭，或邊聽邊跳，節目結束之後，我把她帶到後台，跟大家擁抱，聽她說思鄉的話，老人們鼓勵她，我們以妳為榮，她哭著說，我才以你們代表我的國家為榮!!!我們含著眼淚與她道別，她說，她要好好讀書，以後回台灣要為原住民服務。多好的孩子啊!!!

　　在慶功宴的夜晚，我們真的認為，自己是成功的作了美麗的國民外交，與台灣文化的交流，部落帶去的禮物，一直到這一天才分送大家，雖然我們都認為還可以做得更好，但是來自於每個音樂人與合作夥伴眼神所微泛的淚光中，我們知道，我們已完成階段性的任務，至少4個音樂人及夥伴，希望來台灣與我們相會，希望我們再有機會合作，這是一種可貴的熱情與互動，讓部落也覺得備受尊榮。這是一次也是台灣原住民音樂一次經典的現代巡禮，也是歌聲與音樂美麗的相遇......

' Mudanin Kata ' 歸途

Out May 2004
Website: www.worldmusic.net

　　David Daring與布音團合作的專輯「Mudanin Kata歸途」，今年五月由英國World Music Network 世界發行。一個美國人拉著大提琴，與一群在山間優游的原住民，一同在台灣南橫公路的山谷間，彼此以音樂交流，語言不通並沒有成為他們之間的障礙，比手畫腳的說著，打獵的男人唱著歌，David的大提琴哼著霧鹿山間的蟲鳴鳥叫，整張專輯充滿著霧鹿部落的歌聲與大提琴家David Daring的琴音，不時還會聽見屬於山林的鳥叫。你聽過山的聲音嗎？

Mudanin Kata unites singers from the Wulu Bunun people of Taiwan with the sumptuous sounds of cello pioneer David Darling, to create a striking reinterpretation of an ancient tradition. David Darling – a Grammy nominated and classical trained cellist – creates his own place within the distinctive eight-part harmonic singing of the Wulu Bunun. Interwoven around a range of singing styles, he melds his unique style of playing to produce an album of intricate and beautiful sounds.

※專輯英文資料取自World Music Network

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